:root {
  --canvas: #f5f5f7;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --ink: #1d1d1f;
  --muted: #6e6e73;
  --line: #d2d2d7;
  --media: #f5f5f7;
  --link: #5b5147;
  --link-hover: #1d1d1f;
  --max-width: 1180px;
  --gutter: clamp(1rem, 3.2vw, 2.5rem);
  --section-space: clamp(4.5rem, 8vw, 7rem);
  --font: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "SF Pro Display", "SF Pro Text", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  background: var(--canvas);
  scroll-padding-top: 0;
}

.research-page {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-snap-type: none;
}

body {
  min-width: 320px;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.47;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

body.nav-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

img,
video,
iframe {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

img {
  height: auto;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration-color: var(--muted);
}

button,
input,
textarea {
  font: inherit;
}

a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid currentColor;
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0.75rem;
  left: 0.75rem;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Header */
.site-header,
body > header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(18px);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(18px);
}

.research-home .site-header {
  position: fixed;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.68), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22));
  box-shadow: none;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: none;
  backdrop-filter: none;
  transition:
    background 320ms ease,
    border-color 320ms ease,
    -webkit-backdrop-filter 320ms ease,
    backdrop-filter 320ms ease;
}

.research-home .site-header::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 48px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22), transparent);
  content: "";
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 320ms ease;
}

.research-home .site-title,
.research-home .site-title a,
.research-home .main-nav a,
.research-home .menu-toggle {
  color: #ffffff;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42);
}

.research-home .main-nav a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
}

.research-home .main-nav a:hover,
.research-home .main-nav a:focus-visible {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.research-home.header-scrolled .site-header {
  border: 0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  box-shadow: none;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(18px);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(18px);
}

.research-home.header-scrolled .site-header::after {
  opacity: 0;
}

.research-home.header-scrolled .site-title,
.research-home.header-scrolled .site-title a,
.research-home.header-scrolled .menu-toggle {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-shadow: none;
}

.research-home.header-scrolled .main-nav a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-shadow: none;
}

.research-home.header-scrolled .main-nav a:hover,
.research-home.header-scrolled .main-nav a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  width: min(calc(100% - 2 * var(--gutter)), var(--max-width));
  min-height: 48px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 3rem;
}

.site-title,
.site-title a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-title {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.main-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.4rem);
}

.main-nav a,
nav a {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.79rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.main-nav a:hover,
.main-nav a:focus-visible,
.main-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.main-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  cursor: pointer;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.menu-icon {
  display: grid;
  width: 19px;
  gap: 4px;
}

.menu-icon span {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1px;
  background: currentColor;
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .menu-icon span:first-child {
  transform: translateY(5px) rotate(45deg);
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .menu-icon span:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .menu-icon span:last-child {
  transform: translateY(-5px) rotate(-45deg);
}

/* Homepage hero */
.research-main {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-hero {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
  height: 100svh;
  min-height: 0;
  background: #11110f;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
}

.hero-media {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: auto;
  margin: 0;
  background: #11110f;
}

.hero-media::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34) 0%, transparent 28%, transparent 72%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18) 100%),
    linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.82) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52) 23%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 45%, transparent 64%);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-slide,
.hero-slide video,
.hero-slide img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.hero-slide {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: block;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 700ms ease;
}

.hero-slide.is-active {
  z-index: 1;
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.hero-slide video,
.hero-slide img {
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
}

.hero-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  z-index: 4;
  display: grid;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.36);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  color: #ffffff;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 1rem;
  opacity: 0;
  place-items: center;
  transform: translateY(-50%) scale(0.94);
  transition: opacity 220ms ease, transform 220ms ease, background 220ms ease;
}

.hero-media.controls-visible .hero-arrow,
.hero-arrow:focus-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1);
}

.hero-arrow:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);
}

.hero-arrow-prev {
  left: clamp(0.5rem, 1vw, 0.85rem);
}

.hero-arrow-next {
  right: clamp(0.5rem, 1vw, 0.85rem);
}

@media (hover: none), (pointer: coarse) {
  .hero-arrow {
    display: none;
  }
}

.hero-copy {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 4;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 0.92fr) minmax(320px, 1.08fr);
  column-gap: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7rem);
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0 max(var(--gutter), calc((100vw - var(--max-width)) / 2)) clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  background: transparent;
  color: #ffffff;
  align-items: start;
}

.hero-info {
  display: flex;
  max-width: 52ch;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42);
}

.hero-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
  font-size: clamp(0.76rem, 0.9vw, 0.84rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.015em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.hero-copy h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 4.8vw, 4.7rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 0.92;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-vision {
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
  font-size: clamp(0.92rem, 1.08vw, 1rem);
  line-height: 1.38;
}

.text-action,
.section-link {
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.text-action:hover,
.section-link:hover,
.profile-links a:hover,
.news-list a:hover,
.profile-copy a:hover,
.about-text a:hover,
.project-meta-right a:hover {
  color: var(--link-hover);
}

/* Scroll reveal: short travel, soft easing, and restrained staggering. */
.motion-ready .reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
  transition:
    opacity 700ms cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.11, 0.32, 1) var(--reveal-delay, 0ms),
    transform 800ms cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.11, 0.32, 1) var(--reveal-delay, 0ms);
  will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.motion-ready .reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
}

/* Shared homepage sections */
.home-section {
  display: flex;
  width: min(calc(100% - 2 * var(--gutter)), var(--max-width));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 8vw, 6.5rem) 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  scroll-margin-top: 1.5rem;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
}

#projects {
  padding-top: clamp(3.5rem, 6vw, 5rem);
}

.section-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
}

.section-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.7rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 1.05;
}

.featured-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 2.25rem clamp(0.8rem, 1.6vw, 1.25rem);
}

.project-media {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: var(--media);
}

.project-media img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.project-summary {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  margin-top: 0.7rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.project-summary h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.project-summary h3 a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.project-summary p {
  max-width: 48ch;
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.project-venue {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.64rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.publication-list,
.news-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.publication-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 165px;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 1.3rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.publication-row:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publication-row time,
.publication-row > span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}

.publication-row > span {
  text-align: right;
}

.publication-row h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.publication-row h3 a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.publication-row h3 a:hover {
  color: var(--link);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.publication-row p {
  margin: 0.3rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.news-section,
.research-profile {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(190px, 0.55fr) minmax(0, 1.45fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7rem);
}

.home-intro {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 5.5rem);
  align-items: stretch;
}

.home-profile-photo {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--media);
}

.home-profile-photo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 42%;
}

.home-intro .profile-copy {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: clamp(0.2rem, 0.8vw, 0.65rem) 0;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.home-intro .profile-links {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
}

.news-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 55px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.news-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.news-list time {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}

.news-list p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.news-archive-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.news-archive-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 4rem);
  padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  align-items: start;
}

.news-archive-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.news-archive-item time {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
}

.news-archive-item p {
  max-width: 68ch;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 1.4vw, 1.12rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.news-archive-item a {
  color: var(--link);
}

.profile-heading {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.profile-label ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.79rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
  list-style: none;
}

.profile-copy > p {
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.profile-copy .profile-name {
  margin: 0 0 clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.4vw, 2.9rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.profile-copy .profile-vision {
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
  color: #a1a1a6;
  font-size: clamp(0.98rem, 1.3vw, 1.1rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  font-style: italic;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.profile-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.profile-links a,
.news-list a,
.profile-copy a,
.about-text a,
.project-meta-right a {
  color: var(--link);
}

/* Shared inner pages */
.pub-container,
.about-wrapper,
main.content-wrapper {
  width: min(100%, var(--max-width));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(3.25rem, 6vw, 5rem) var(--gutter) var(--section-space);
}

.pub-container > .content-wrapper,
.about-wrapper > .content-wrapper {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.page-heading {
  max-width: 14ch;
  margin: 0 0 clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 4.2vw, 3.9rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 0.95;
}

.sub-heading {
  margin: 4rem 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Project archive */
.gallery.project-page {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem) clamp(0.8rem, 1.8vw, 1.4rem);
}

.project-card > a {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: var(--media);
}

.project-card > a img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.project-info {
  margin-top: 0.65rem;
}

.project-info .project-title {
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.project-info .project-date {
  margin-top: 0.12rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}

.archive-callout {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: var(--section-space);
  padding: 1.3rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.archive-callout p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

/* Publication archive */
.pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 132px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1.45rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  align-items: start;
}

.pub-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub-thumbnail {
  width: 132px;
  height: 84px;
  background: var(--media);
  border-radius: 10px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.pub-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.pub-title a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pub-title a:hover {
  color: var(--link);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pub-authors,
.pub-meta {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.pub-meta {
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}

.award-icon {
  margin-right: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.82em;
}

/* About */
.about-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(250px, 0.75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 8vw, 7rem);
  align-items: start;
}

.about-banner {
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--media);
}

.about-photo {
  width: 100%;
}

.about-text {
  max-width: 64ch;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.about-text > p:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.about-topics {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  line-height: 1.9;
}

.about-topics span:not(:last-child)::after {
  margin: 0 0.5rem;
  content: "·";
}

.about-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 1.75rem;
}

.about-contact {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 65px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.about-contact span {
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* Project detail pages */
.project-main-image {
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: var(--media);
}

.project-main-image img {
  width: 100%;
  max-height: 78svh;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.project-meta-wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 8rem);
  padding: clamp(3.5rem, 7vw, 6rem) 0 var(--section-space);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.project-meta-left .project-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4.8vw, 4.5rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 0.95;
}

.project-meta-left .project-date {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.project-meta-right {
  max-width: 70ch;
}

.project-meta-right p {
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.project-gallery-column {
  display: grid;
  gap: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
  padding-top: var(--section-space);
}

.project-gallery-column img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 16px;
}

.video-wrapper {
  width: 100%;
  margin: var(--section-space) 0 0;
}

.video-inner {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  padding-top: 56.25%;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: var(--media);
}

.video-inner iframe,
.video-inner video {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
}

/* Earlier course detail pages */
main.content-wrapper > .page-heading {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

main.content-wrapper > p {
  max-width: 70ch;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

main.content-wrapper > img,
main.content-wrapper > figure,
main.content-wrapper > video {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.caption,
.result-label {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.result-pair {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.result-column img,
.half-width-img {
  width: 100%;
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer,
body > footer {
  display: flex;
  width: min(100%, var(--max-width));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2rem var(--gutter) 3rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  text-align: left;
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (min-width: 1600px) {
  :root {
    --max-width: 1320px;
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(4rem, 4.2vw, 5.4rem);
  }

  .hero-info {
    max-width: 56ch;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .hero-copy {
    column-gap: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 4.5rem);
  }

  .featured-grid,
  .gallery.project-page {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .publication-row {
    grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(0, 1fr) 132px;
    gap: 1.15rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-copy {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.9fr) minmax(280px, 1.1fr);
    column-gap: 2.5rem;
  }

  .hero-vision {
    max-width: 54ch;
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .news-section,
  .research-profile {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(160px, 0.45fr) minmax(0, 1.55fr);
    gap: 3rem;
  }

  .home-intro {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);
    gap: 3rem;
  }

  .featured-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .gallery.project-page {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-height: 700px) and (min-width: 769px) {
  .hero-copy {
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6.5vh, 3.65rem);
  }

  .hero-kicker {
    margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .hero-vision {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.42;
  }

}

@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1180px) and (max-height: 900px) {
  .hero-copy {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.88fr) minmax(0, 1.12fr);
    column-gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    padding-right: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    padding-bottom: clamp(2.25rem, 5vh, 3rem);
    padding-left: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    align-items: start;
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 3.75rem);
  }

  .hero-info {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
  }

  .hero-kicker {
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    font-size: clamp(0.7rem, 1.25vw, 0.78rem);
    line-height: 1.3;
  }

  .hero-vision {
    max-width: 58ch;
    font-size: clamp(0.82rem, 1.5vw, 0.94rem);
    line-height: 1.36;
  }

  .hero-arrow {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .header-inner {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 48px;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
  }

  .menu-toggle {
    display: flex;
  }

  .main-nav {
    position: absolute;
    top: 48px;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    display: none;
    padding: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--paper);
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .research-home .main-nav {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .main-nav.show {
    display: flex;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.6rem 0;
    color: var(--ink);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }

  .research-home .main-nav.show a {
    color: var(--ink);
  }

  .main-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
  }

  .research-hero {
    height: 100vh;
    height: 100svh;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .hero-copy {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    padding: 0 1rem 1.4rem;
  }

  .hero-info {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .hero-kicker {
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }

  .hero-arrow {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
  }

  .hero-arrow-prev {
    left: 0.5rem;
  }

  .hero-arrow-next {
    right: 0.5rem;
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 11vw, 3.5rem);
  }

  .hero-vision {
    display: none;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }

  .home-section {
    width: calc(100% - 2rem);
    padding-top: 3.75rem;
    padding-bottom: 3.75rem;
  }

  .section-heading {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.8rem;
  }

  .gallery.project-page {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 2.5rem 0.8rem;
  }

  .featured-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 2.5rem 0.8rem;
  }

  .project-summary p {
    display: none;
  }

  .publication-row {
    grid-template-columns: 45px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 0.8rem;
  }

  .publication-row > span {
    grid-column: 2;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .news-section,
  .research-profile {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
  }

  .home-profile-photo {
    max-width: 440px;
    min-height: 0;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
  }

  .home-intro .profile-copy {
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }

  .home-intro .profile-links {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    padding-top: 0;
  }

  .pub-container,
  .about-wrapper,
  main.content-wrapper {
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
  }

  .page-heading {
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 12vw, 3.8rem);
  }

  .archive-callout {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .pub-item {
    grid-template-columns: 86px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .pub-thumbnail {
    width: 86px;
    height: 62px;
  }

  .about-layout,
  .project-meta-wrapper {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
  }

  .about-banner {
    max-width: 460px;
  }

  .project-main-image img {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .result-pair {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .site-footer,
  body > footer {
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .news-archive-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.45rem;
  }

  .featured-grid,
  .gallery.project-page {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
  }

  .project-summary p {
    display: block;
  }

  .publication-row {
    grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .home-section {
    padding-top: 3.25rem;
    padding-bottom: 3.25rem;
  }

  .section-heading h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 9vw, 2.3rem);
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 13vw, 3.15rem);
  }

  .hero-kicker {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
  }

}

@media (max-width: 768px) and (max-height: 520px) and (orientation: landscape) {
  .hero-copy {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.9fr) minmax(260px, 1.1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
    padding: 0 1.5rem 1rem;
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 10vh, 3rem);
  }

  .hero-info {
    align-self: start;
  }

  .hero-kicker {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
  }

  .hero-arrow {
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }

  .motion-ready .reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }

  .research-page {
    scroll-snap-type: none;
  }
}